三种不同时机下术前导尿配合手术室护理对全麻手术患者苏醒期躁动的影响

摘要 目的 观察三种不同时机下术前导尿配合手术室护理对全身麻醉（全麻）手术患者苏醒期躁动的影响。方法 选择2017年1月～2018年12月于我院行择期全麻手术的患者100例，根据术前导尿时机分为3组：A组（手术当日清晨在病房导尿，33例）、B组（麻醉前在手术室导尿，30例）、C组（麻醉平稳后在手术室导尿，37例）。记录并比较3组麻醉时间、术中输液量、术中出血量、苏醒时间及导尿前后收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）及心率（HR）变化，比较3组一次性导尿成功率、术后导尿管适应度及苏醒期躁动发生情况，采用自拟问卷调查患者护理满意度。结果 3组麻醉时间、术中输液量、术中出血量及苏醒时间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；A组导尿后SBP、DBP、HR较导尿前均显著升高（P<0.05），B组和C组SBP、DBP、HR与导尿前比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；A组一次性导尿成功率显著低于B组和C组，术后导尿管适应度显著差于B组和C组（P<0.05）；A组苏醒期躁动发生率显著高于C组，苏醒期躁动分级显著高于C组P<0.05）；A组护理满意度评分显著低于B组和C组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在麻醉前后于手术室进行导尿的效果明显优于手术当日清晨在病房导尿，配合手术室护理干预可有效提高患者术后对导尿管的适应度，降低苏醒期躁动发生率，提高患者护理满意度。     

骨科下肢手术中应用不同剂量的右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉对术中、术后不良反应的影响

目的探讨骨科下肢手术中应用不同剂量的右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉对术中、术后不良反应的影响。方法选取我院90例骨科下肢手术患者,依据右美托咪定用药剂量分为甲组、乙组及丙组,各30例;选取同期于我院行生理盐水辅助低位硬膜外麻醉的30例骨科下肢手术患者为对照组。比较四组患者不良反应发生情况、镇静情况及认知功能。结果丙组不良反应总发生率高于甲组、乙组和对照组(P<0.05)。用药10 min(T1)、30 min(T2)、60 min(T3)及120 min(T4)时,甲组、乙组、丙组的Ramsay镇静评分均高于用药前(T0),且均高于对照组,同时乙组高于甲组,丙组高于甲组和乙组(P<0.05)。术后次日,甲组、丙组的MMSE评分均低于术前,且均低于乙组和对照组(P<0.05)。结论骨科下肢手术患者行右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉时,右美托咪定的泵注量选择0.6μg/kg可达到较佳麻醉效果。     

Safety of Transesophageal Echocardiography to Guide Structural Cardiac Interventions

BackgroundDespite the widespread use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to guide structural cardiac interventions, studies evaluating safety in this context are lacking.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the incidence, types of complications, and factors associated with esophageal or gastric lesions following TEE manipulation during structural cardiac interventions.MethodsThis was a prospective study including 50 patients undergoing structural cardiac interventions in which TEE played a central role in guiding the procedure (mitral and tricuspid valve repair, left atrial appendage closure, and paravalvular leak closure). An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed before and immediately after the procedure to look for new injuries that might have arisen during the course of the intervention. Patients were divided in 2 cohorts according to the type of injury: complex lesions (intramural hematoma, mucosal laceration) and minor lesions (petechiae, ecchymosis). The factors associated with an increased risk of complications were assessed.ResultsPost-procedural EGD showed a new injury in 86% (n = 43 of 50) of patients, with complex lesions accounting for 40% (n = 20 of 50) of cases. Patients with complex lesions presented more frequently with an abnormal baseline EGD (70% vs. 37%; p = 0.04) and had a higher incidence of post-procedural dysphagia or odynophagia (40% vs. 10%; p = 0.02). Independent factors associated with an increased risk of complex lesions were a longer procedural time under TEE manipulation (for each 10-min increment in imaging time, odds ratio: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.59) and poor or suboptimal image quality (odds ratio: 4.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 22.02).ConclusionsMost patients undergoing structural cardiac interventions showed some form of injury associated with TEE, with longer procedural time and poor or suboptimal image quality determining an increased risk. Imaging experts performing this technique should be aware of the nature of potential complications, to take the necessary precautions to prevent their occurrence and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.     

Resistencia a los anestésicos locales: ¿verdad o mito?

The report of anesthetic technique failure is crucial and the etiology of the problem should be determined. We describe a case of locoregional anesthesia failure, in which, after excluding its most common causes, the resistance to local anesthetics was considered as the most probable clinical hypothesis. For this reason, a genetic test was performed, as well as the efficacy of other local anesthetics was evaluated, constituting a different approach in the cases of locoregional anesthesia failure. True resistance to local anesthetics is difficult to diagnose so information about this is scarce in the literature. One of the proposed causes is a mutation of sodium channels where local anesthetics bind. If not recognized, the application of locorregional anesthesia in this patient's condition can lead to unpleasant experiences and unnecessary risks, related to toxic levels of local anesthetics. For this reason, the resistance to local anesthetics should be always precluded in cases of strong clinical suspicion. This approach could be applied in similar cases.     

持续性胸段硬脊膜外麻醉在治疗颅脑外伤性应激性溃疡中的效果

目的分析持续性胸段硬脊膜外麻醉在颅脑外伤性应激性溃疡中的治疗效果。方法 60例颅脑外伤性应激性溃疡患者,随机分为对照组和实验组,各30例。对照组实施常规治疗,实验组实施常规治疗+持续性胸段硬脊膜外麻醉治疗。比较两组临床指标及临床疗效。结果治疗后,实验组心率(74.26±12.37)次/min、呼吸频率(22.31±4.27)次/min、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)(1.61±0.37)ng/ml、热休克蛋白90(HSP90)(112.31±12.29)ng/ml低于对照组的(84.36±14.27)次/min、(27.26±6.31)次/min、(2.74±0.26)ng/ml、(127.34±14.25)ng/ml,中心静脉压(6.27±2.37)cm H₂O(1 cm H₂O=0.098 kPa)、血氧饱和度(97.25±7.16)%、胃部pH值(6.09±0.26)高于对照组的(4.93±2.17)cm H₂O、(91.27±7.29)%、(4.05±0.16),溃疡愈合时间(7.23±2.19)d短于对照组的(12.37±1.74)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组治疗总有效率为96.67%,高于对照组的73.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将持续性胸段硬脊膜外麻醉治疗方法应用于颅脑外伤性应激性溃疡治疗过程中,能迅速控制病情,值得推广。     

Changes in electroencephalographic power and bicoherence spectra according to depth of dexmedetomidine sedation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia

Background: Assessment the depth of dexmedetomidine sedation using electroencephalographic (EEG) features can improve the quality of procedural sedation. Previous volunteer studies of dexmedetomidine-induced EEG changes need to be validated, and changes in bicoherence spectra during dexmedetomidine sedation has not been revealed yet. We aimed to investigate the dexmedetomidine-induced EEG change using power spectral and bicoherence analyses in the clinical setting.Patients and Methods: Thirty-six patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Dexmedetomidine sedation was conducted by the stepwise increase in target effect site concentration (Ce) while assessing sedation levels. Bispectral index (BIS) and frontal electroencephalography were recorded continuously, and the performance of BIS and changes in power and bicoherence spectra were analyzed with the data from the F3 electrode.Results: The prediction probability values for detecting different sedation levels were 0.847, 0.841, and 0.844 in BIS, 95% spectral edge frequency, and dexmedetomidine Ce, respectively. As the depth of sedation increased, δ power increased, but high β and γ power decreased significantly (P <0.001). α and spindle power increased significantly under light and moderate sedation (P <0.001 in light vs baseline and deep sedation; P = 0.002 and P <0.001 in moderate sedation vs baseline and deep sedation, respectively). The bicoherence peaks of the δ and α-spindle regions along the diagonal line of the bicoherence matrix emerged during moderate and deep sedation. Peak bicoherence in the δ area showed sedation-dependent increases (29.93%±7.38%, 36.72%±9.70%, 44.88%±12.90%; light, moderate, and deep sedation; P = 0.008 and P <0.001 in light sedation vs moderate and deep sedation, respectively; P = 0.007 in moderate sedation vs deep sedation), whereas peak bicoherence in the α-spindle area did not change (22.92%±4.90%, 24.72%±4.96%, and 26.96%±8.42%, respectively; P=0.053).Conclusions: The increase of δ power and the decrease of high-frequency power were associated with the gradual deepening of dexmedetomidine sedation. The δ bicoherence peak increased with increasing sedation level and can serve as an indicator reflecting dexmedetomidine sedation levels.     

医学院校体质弱势群体体医融合教学模式研究

《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》作为引领中国体育治理能力和治理体系的现代化国策,将"体医融合"上升至解决当前中国健康问题的重要战略地位,为全民健身和全民健康的深度融合的战略行动计划实施指明了方向。同时,也为"体育+医学"元素融入大学传统公共体育教育环节提供了全新的视角。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、访谈法、问卷调查等研究方法对医药类高校公共体育保健康复课程的实施现状进行一系列的调查研究,对医学院校体质弱势群体学生的体育保健康复课程建设发展困境进行深入分析,初步提出针对医学院校的"体医融合"混合式体育保健康复课程教育模式的构想,以期通过体医融合教学干预策略改善高校大学生体质弱势群体身体及心理的健康状况,为全国同类院校体育保健课的发展实现真正意义上的突破。     

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with paravertebral block anesthesia or general anesthesia: A propensity matched case–control study

BackgroundTo evaluate the safety, efficacy and cost of paravertebral block anesthesia for ureteral stones patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy.MethodsFour hundred and eighty-two patients who underwent ureteroscopy for unilateral ureteral stones were incorporated into our retrospective study. A propensity-matched comparison in patients with paravertebral nerve block anesthesia (PVB) group and general anesthesia (GA) group was performed. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, operative time, visual analog scale for pain, stone-free rate, anesthetic cost and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups.ResultsSixty-one GA cases were propensity matched to 61 PVB cases. In the PVB group, all the procedures were completed successfully without anesthesia conversion. Significantly less intraoperative severe hypotensive (P = 0.002) and arrhythmia (P < 0.001) episodes in PVB group. There were no significant differences in operative time (p = 0.702), initial stone-free rate (p = 0.686), and total stone-free rate (p = 0.794) between the two groups. The PVB group had lower postoperative pain and prolonged analgesia (p = 0.007). The postoperative hospital stay in the PVB group was significantly shorter (3.20 ± 0.73 vs 3.84 ± 1.32 d, p = 0.001). And the cost of anesthesia was lower in the PVB group (195.47 ± 13.01 vs 396.31 ± 36.45 US dollars, p < 0.001).ConclusionUnder PVB anesthesia, URS can be successfully completed without anesthetic transformation, and its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated. When economic aspects are taken into consideration, PVB seems to be a more economical and effective anesthetic method of URS.